Wednesday, November 13, 2024

It's all about the economy, inflation and the Fed now

You can almost feel it now. After months of market speculation about who would become the next US president and what that would mean for mar

You can almost feel it now. After months of market speculation about who would become the next US president and what that would mean for markets, we're coming back to the present. Don't get me wrong, the so-called Trump Trade still dominates headlines and causes gyrations in stocks, bonds, Bitcoin, and the US dollar. But the price action will get more muted.

Take Wednesday, for example, when Tesla shares didn't really move, even after Elon Musk was announced as a "Department of Government Efficiency" guru for Trump. Stocks were little changed. Yes, Bitcoin was still on a tear — but we'll get to that later. The big theme was the rally in Treasury bonds on relief that the inflation numbers — while elevated — didn't deliver any negative surprises.

That's our cue to start thinking about what comes next in markets, disregarding Trump altogether. After all, anything he does or the Fed does in reaction to the economic effects won't be felt for months to come. Now, it's all about whether the Fed has helped the US stick the soft landing and whether that translates into elevated inflation, elevated yields and elevated profits. I say all of the above. And that maintains my macro view of risk assets still in rally mode, with Treasuries under pressure. More importantly, the time to get rotate anything isn't here yet. What has worked should keep working… for now.

Topics to expect:

  • Inflation is simply too high. That speaks to higher long-term interest rates
  • Warren Buffett hates long-term Treasuries too. But he's also selling assets. We should be worried
  • Still, the economy is more important. And that looks good
  • Thus, unlike Buffet, don't make massive portfolio changes just yet

Inflation looks high to me

Here's a question for you: what happens to inflation if the US economy continues to do well with growth 3% and unemployment is 4%? I don't think any of us know the answer. More and more, though, that's the question. It's what people are calling the "no landing" outcome because instead of softly decelerating into something short of recession, in this scenario, there's no meaningful economic "landing" in the US at all.

If I had to hazard a guess — especially in the context of a likely loose fiscal policy — I would expect this to mean higher inflation. Of course, we already have core consumer price inflation of 3.3% based on numbers that came out Wednesday. So higher inflation means something around that level or even higher. You combine 3% growth and 3% inflation and suddenly 4% or 4.5% Treasury yields look kind of low. For example, the last time nominal GDP growth averaged more than 6% for an entire decade was 1994. And back then 10-year bonds yielded 7%.

But then again, in late 2005, average, annualized 10-year nominal GDP growth nudged over 5.5% for a few quarters and the 10-year Treasury was right around where it is now. So there's a lot of uncertainty about where interest rates should be given this setup — and that's before we include the term premium for taking the risk of holding fixed income through 5 or 10 years and what the Federal Reserve is going to do.

To me, this speaks to keeping your fixed income maturity horizons short. Ten-year yields are still below those on all the Treasury bills out to six months. Why take the risk when there is so much uncertainty? Just wait for the path of inflation to become clear, wait for the Trump agenda to take form and wait for the Fed to react in turn. That's what Warren Buffett is doing. His company, Berkshire Hathaway, has a cash and short-term bill hoard of over $300 billion now. They're not taking any duration risk until they know where this economy is headed. And they're keeping their powder dry for acquisitions.

By the numbers

$325.2 billion
- Cash and cash equivalents on the Berkshire Hathaway balance sheet at the end of the last quarter

Buffett has me deeply worried

His cash pile is a bit worrying though. Here's perhaps the smartest long-term investor of all-time running a company with a $1 trillion market cap, keeping $300 billion of that in cash. That's not just about Buffett taking no duration risk, it's about Berkshire actively selling assets and stashing the proceeds in cash — as if there's a major correction coming.

I know Buffett is supposedly not a market timer, but how else can we read this? He's voting with his money against taking more risk in all long-lived assets. And while his company is so huge that he has to move much sooner than any of us do since any asset sales he makes would move markets tremendously against him in volatile times, he's still telling us that future returns may be sparse.

Valuations are extremely high. After falling with the Fed's tightening campaign, the cyclically adjusted price/earnings ratio is back to levels that are only topped by the dotcom bubble.

As they say, future returns are dependent not just on the quality of what you buy but at what price you bought it. The higher the price, the less room for upside.

Still, it's hard to expect stocks to fall out of bed when we are looking at continued economic growth. Plus, this economic growth is translating into  earnings growth. My Bloomberg colleague Gina Martin Adams, Bloomberg Intelligence's Chief Equity Strategist, says that 90% of the S&P 500 have reported this quarter. And earnings growth for the third quarter looks to be on track for 8%. That suggests now is simply not the time to do what Buffett is doing and make a huge change in asset allocation. I look at his moves as predictive of the medium term for a low return future. But, it's not necessarily evidence that he expects a market crash. Buffet's move to cash is not something that the average investor should replicate.

Expect fewer rate cuts, higher yields, higher stocks

In the end, we're still looking at a stronger economy for the foreseeable future. That means higher inflation too. And higher inflation translates into fewer rate cuts and higher yields. If you're taking maturity risk out to two years, you'll be just fine. Five years might work too. But it's riskier.

That higher nominal growth has already meant higher profits for S&P 500 companies and will continue to do so, buoying stock prices. Personally, I am skeptical of the "small cap" Trump Trade, as if a Trump presidency will be better for smaller companies than the Amazons and Apples of this world. If anything, I would expect the opposite given the better ability of large firms to deal with higher costs. At a minimum though, there's no reason to reallocate your equity portfolio meaningfully at this time. All of those gambits are purely speculative. The index is likely to do as well as any other strategy. And that's dominated by megacap tech

Of course, then there's Bitcoin. It's taken off like a rocket ship. And while that move is just as speculative as the other Trump Trades, it is also representative of a what is almost certainly going to be a more relaxed regulatory environment. Of all the Trump Trades outside of Treasuries, this is the one that I think is most promising and most emblematic of the euphoria associated with financial conditions loosening. Think of Bitcoin circa 2024 as Yahoo circa 1999 to Nvidia's Cisco. With the AI investment spree really benefitting large incumbent players the most, crypto is where the mania turns for high beta financial assets. And Bitcoin will benefit.

I continue to be bullish, but cognizant that smart investors are already sensing things are overpriced. If risk assets go higher from here as I suspect they will, the prospective future returns will diminish. And an eventual crash cannot be ruled out — though that looks a way's off.

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