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Composing for the climate

Julia Wolfe's work explores ecological damage
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Artists have long debated how overtly their work should comment on the politics of the day. Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Julia Wolfe, whose climate oratorio unEarth had its UK premier last month, tackles the question on our Zero podcast.

Also, we break down the latest US used electric-vehicles sales data. And travel to New Delhi, where public anger over toxic air pollution may have reached a breaking point.

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Music for the planet

By Olivia Rudgard and Akshat Rathi

Nature has long been a favored topic for composers.

Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf gives orchestral voice to animals in a Russian forest. The strings in Vivaldi's Four Seasons evoke bird song. And Beethoven's Pastoral symphony even delivers a thunderstorm.

But in 2026, dedicating a work of art to nature is a politically complicated undertaking. It's against that backdrop that Julia Wolfe, a Pulitzer Prize-winning American composer, wrote unEarth. The oratorio, which had its UK premier in London last month, deals with the damage being done to nature, and how to repair it.

Wolfe joined Bloomberg Green's Zero podcast to discuss her latest work. She says it's "painful" to have to acknowledge that "there isn't an absolutely clear recognition of what's going on with nature."

Her decision to drag political messages into her art is controversial, and not all classical music lovers are fans. But these days music has the ability to capture a political moment like no other medium, as demonstrated by the rapper Bad Bunny's halftime show at the Super Bowl last week.

Wolfe's oratorio for orchestra, male chorus, children's chorus, solo soprano, electric guitar and electric bass is divided into three movements: FloodForest and Fix It.

Julia Wolfe Photographer: Akshat Rathi/Bloomberg
Julia Wolfe
Photographer: Akshat Rathi/Bloomberg

UnEarth was first performed in 2023 by the New York Philharmonic, which commissioned the work specifically to address the climate crisis. Back then, the Biden administration was passing legislation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Now, climate change is dismissed as a hoax by the head of the US government, and the Trump White House is dismantling laws designed to fight global warming.

Building climate solutions is "a lot of hard work," says Wolfe. "And it's so hard when it's an upward battle, when you don't have that recognition from the top."

Wolfe's unEarth is part celebration of nature's beauty, part lamentation over its exploitation by humans. In the second movement, Forest, the soprano sings words from Emily Dickinson's poem, Who Robbed the Woods?

The premiere of Julia Wolfe's oratorio unEarth performed at the Barbican Centre in London on Jan. 23.
The premiere of Julia Wolfe's oratorio unEarth performed at the Barbican Centre in London on Jan. 23.

The final movement, Fix It, offers a crescendo sung by the male choir invoking the disruption of climate change, with the children's choir responding with words seemingly intended as instructions such as "clean up your corporation."

Read the rest of the story here. Listen to Akshat's conversation with Julia Wolfe now, and subscribe on Apple, Spotify or YouTube to get new episodes of Zero every Thursday.

Bargain hunting

By Kyle Stock

Traffic may have dried up at EV dealerships after the end of federal purchase incentives, but sales of used electric cars and trucks have only accelerated.

Almost 89,000 used EVs changed hands in the last three months of 2025, up 13.5% from a year earlier, according to Cox Automotive. What's more, the inventory of used electric machines is turning over in about 50 days, slightly faster than for gas-powered cars. By contrast, sales of new EVs fell 36% in the fourth quarter of last year.

"The buzz word for the year is 'affordability' for a really good reason," said Liz Najman, director of market insights at Recurrent, which provides range estimates and other EV-centric data to car dealers and shoppers. "You can get a two or three-year-old EV for 50% off and you're talking about something with a lot of technology and a warranty on the battery."

For a long time the used EV market in the US was stagnant. There weren't a lot of cars for sale and buyers worried about batteries in older models dying out. But EV batteries are proving to be more durable than expected and in the US they're generally covered under warranty for at least eight years or 100,000 miles.

New EVs still outsell used ones by a long shot, but analysts say a mature used market will help buttress demand for new battery-powered machines. When shopping for a new car, more than 90% of EV owners choose to go electric again.

Read the full story and subscribe to Bloomberg News for the latest EV news and analysis.

Your weekend read

By Dan Strumpf

Each year in early November, a familiar rhythm unfolds in New Delhi. Temperatures drop, skies darken, and a gray, choking haze descends on the Indian capital. For the next four months, more than 30 million people quietly endure sore throats, headaches and respiratory problems caused by some of the world's most toxic air — pollution that also increases long-term risks of cancer and heart disease.

This winter, however, the ritual was interrupted. As smog season returned, hundreds of placard-bearing protesters gathered at India Gate — the famed monument resembling the Arc de Triomphe — to demand the government do something, anything, to address the runaway pollution crisis. Police quickly broke up the Nov. 9 protest, detaining more than a dozen people. A follow up demonstration later that month became violent, with some people pinned to the ground by officers or bundled into police vans — scenes captured by the local and international press. After years of acceptance, at least some residents had had enough.

NEW DELHI, INDIA - DECEMBER 14: Morning Smog seen at Kartavya Path , GRAP Stage IV implement in Delhi/NCR in view of severe AQI, on December 14, 2025 in New Delhi, India. The national capital, Delhi, on Sunday woke up to a thick layer of smog, with air quality lingering in the 'severe' category. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) recorded the Air Quality Index (AQI) at 462 at 6 am. (Photo by Vipin Kumar/Hindustan Times via Getty Images)
Morning smog in New Delhi, India. (Photo by Vipin Kumar/Hindustan Times via Getty Images)
Hindustan Times

Anyone familiar with New Delhi — and the broad, densely populated swath of northern India nestled below the Himalayas — knows the country must eventually grapple with this existential crisis. The capital struggles year-round with poor air quality, but for three to four months each year, it becomes, practically speaking, unbreathable.

New Delhi's Air Quality Index, which measures concentrations of fine particulate matter, including PM2.5 that can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, averaged 349 in December and 307 in January — levels the US Environmental Protection Agency defines as hazardous. On especially bad days, some neighborhoods showed readings of almost 1,800, according to Swiss air-quality firm IQAir. By contrast, a typical December day in New York rarely exceeds 50 — a level the EPA deems acceptable.

Delhi Police detain social activists during a protest over rising air pollution near India Gate in November 2025. Photographer: Sanjeev Verma/Hindustan Times/Getty Images
Delhi Police detain social activists during a protest over rising air pollution near India Gate in November 2025.
Photographer: Sanjeev Verma/Hindustan Times/Getty Images

The winter smog is driven by a perfect storm of factors. Falling temperatures and weaker winds coincide with a spike in seasonal crop burning by farmers — compounded by already high vehicle and factory emissions, Diwali-season fireworks and construction dust. Trapped by the capital's bowl-like geography, the pollution lingers for months.

The health impacts are severe. High concentrations of PM 2.5 raise the risk of heart attacks, cancer, respiratory diseases, strokes and dementia, local and international studies show. Almost 1.7 million deaths were attributable to air pollution in India in 2019, according to the Lancet journal. Children are particularly vulnerable, which is why the Nov. 9 protest at India Gate was organized by an advocacy group called Warrior Moms. An informal survey the group conducted across more than a dozen pharmacies recorded a substantial rise in demand for inhalers and respiratory medications in recent years, with a third of all nebulizers typically purchased for children.

"The findings clearly highlight that protecting the health and future of our children cannot wait," says Bhavreen Kandhari, co-founder of Warrior Moms.

Read the full essay and subscribe to Bloomberg's Weekend newsletter for more longreads.

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