The SEC's complaint against Beaxy is fascinating to my non-lawyer eye.
Beaxy, for its part, claimed an "uncertain regulatory environment" as the reason for its shutdown ahead of the lawsuit's publication.
But the SEC suit seems pretty clear. According to the complaint, Beaxy carried out the functions one might expect a national securities exchange, a broker and a clearing agency all would carry out despite not registering as any of these with the regulator.
The SEC took great pains to specify all of these issues in the complaint.
"Platforms like the Beaxy Platform require users to deposit with the platform all of the crypto asset securities that they traded there, resulting in the platform possessing, and even becoming the legal owner of such assets and thus a central securities depository," the filing said. "This type of arrangement means that an unregistered crypto asset platform like the Beaxy Platform could use assets in their possession and control for its own purposes, thereby exposing investors to significant and at times undisclosed risk of loss of their assets. Investors who invest through such a platform may face a risk that, if the platform were to enter bankruptcy, they might not be able to withdraw their assets and would become unsecured creditors of the bankruptcy estate."
(This is what happened to most users of the various crypto lenders that filed for bankruptcy last year, including but not limited to BlockFi, Voyager Digital and Celsius Network, as well as fellow crypto exchange FTX.)
The next few paragraphs then contrasted Beaxy with the traditional securities world, noting that a national securities exchange would not "take possession or control" of an asset being traded, while clearing agencies handle settlement and broker-dealers.
"The Beaxy Platform also had the ability to trade crypto asset securities against its own customers, which gives it the means and the motive to put itself on the winning side of each trade, without regard to obligations that apply to registered broker-dealers," the filing said.
The regulator also filed charges tied to Beaxy's initial coin offering of BXY tokens in 2018, describing them as tokens that Beaxy and its founder marketed "by promoting its profit potential as tied to the success of the Beaxy platform" (under the precepts of the Howey Test) and its founder's allegedly fraudulent conduct (misappropriating $900,000 of company funds, around half of which he paid back when giving up control of the company).
The SEC is looking for the usual penalties – disgorgement, fines, etc. – in the lawsuit.
This absolutely reads like a playbook for how the SEC could sue Coinbase, if that situation doesn't resolve with a settlement or non-action. We don't know a lot about the Coinbase Wells Notice. So far all Coinbase has said is that the notice lists "an undefined" number of its listed cryptocurrencies, and that its Earn, Prime and Wallet products potentially violate securities law.
It doesn't look like Beaxy or its executives settled the charges with the SEC, but the fact the exchange is shutting down suggests this will be the kind of case the SEC may look to for a potentially easy win ahead of the Coinbase lawsuit.
While this complaint seems pretty clear, as ConsenSys' Matt Corva pointed out, part of the issue with registration is figuring out the asset aspect of it all.
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